#Physical disector stereology how to

It also describes how to estimate the volume of regions of interest and quotes the literature for proven sampling schemes. The study identifies anatomically distinct cerebellar fissures and delineate functionally relevant regions. uses intact, macro- and microscopically well-preserved postnatal human cerebellar hemispheres allowing for high-precision morphologic investigations. The data are presented, allowing the reader to approximate sampling intervals in frontal, horizontal, or sagittal sections that provide CE's of specified sizes. Using the layers of the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus as an example they found that the CE provided reasonable estimates of the precision obtained using different sample sizes. To provide tentative answers to the question if sampling has been РІР‚Сљgood enough,РІР‚Сњ the authors discuss the influence of sampling frequency, smoothness factor and section orientation on the Gundersen-Jensen coefficient of error (CE). If correctly applied, the resulting sampling-generated variability should not be able to mask significant group differences. The first paper ( Basler et al.) deals with the precision of the Cavalieri estimator of volume. The papers are introduced and explained by prominent neurostereologists and reported in the order by which the method was first introduced. In this special volume, the papers will focus on the application of different stereological methods and their practical aspects. Thus, in principle, it allows one to obtain accurate and precise quantitative data of structural changes in biological tissue. Because stereology relies on statistical sampling principles and stochastic geometric theory, it is guaranteed that no methodological biases are introduced to the analysis. Stereology is based on a set of statistical and mathematical principles and provides efficient tools for estimation of volume, surface area, length, and number of objects in 3-D structures by sampling in 2-D sections. This can be avoided by the application of design-unbiased stereology. These limitations reduce the sensitivity and accuracy of the methods as well as increase the risk of errors. Consequently, they make assumptions about the 3-D structure of interest and the results do not refer to the complete structure. However, these methods do not consider the irregular nature of biological structures in terms of shape and distribution of the target features. Studies using two-dimensional methods (2-D) to report data of 3-D structures are still frequently used.

Quantification of cells in a three-dimensional (3-D) structure requires robust estimates based on unbiased principles.

Physical disector stereology